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Distributed & Federated AI

Train Across Silos
Without Sharing Data

Presear builds distributed and federated AI systems — enabling collaborative model training across multiple sites, organisations, or devices while preserving data privacy and sovereignty.

0
Raw Data Shared
Faster Convergence vs. Centralised
40+
Federated Deployments
AGGREGATOR SILO A SILO B SILO C SILO D ▶ gradients only gradients only ◄ ▶ gradients only gradients only ◄

Technical Depth

Six Federated AI Techniques We Master

From FedAvg to Byzantine-robust training — we build distributed AI systems where collaboration never requires compromising data sovereignty.

Federated Averaging (FedAvg)

Implement the canonical federated learning algorithm — each participant trains locally on private data, shares only model weight updates (gradients), and a central aggregator computes the weighted average to produce a global model. We tune FedAvg for heterogeneous data distributions (non-IID), partial client participation, and communication-efficient gradient compression to make the protocol robust in real enterprise deployments.

FedAvgNon-IID DataGradient Compression

Differential Privacy Integration

Provide mathematically provable privacy guarantees by injecting calibrated noise into gradient updates — ensuring that no individual record in any participant's dataset can be inferred from the shared model parameters. We tune privacy budgets (epsilon, delta) to achieve the required privacy level while minimising the accuracy impact, and provide formal privacy accounting using the moments accountant and RDP mechanisms.

DP-SGDPrivacy BudgetRDP Accounting

Secure Aggregation Protocols

Ensure that even the aggregation server cannot observe individual clients' gradient updates by implementing cryptographic secure aggregation — using secret sharing, homomorphic encryption, or trusted execution environments (TEEs). Secure aggregation is critical in adversarial settings where the aggregation server itself cannot be fully trusted, providing stronger privacy guarantees than differential privacy alone.

Secret SharingHomomorphic EncryptionTEE (SGX)

Horizontal & Vertical Federated Learning

Handle both federation dimensions: horizontal FL (same features, different data samples across organisations — e.g., multiple hospitals with the same EHR schema) and vertical FL (different features, overlapping samples — e.g., a bank and retailer sharing the same customers). Each requires distinct architecture and privacy protocols; we design the appropriate system based on your data topology.

Horizontal FLVertical FLPSI Protocols

Split Learning

Deploy split learning architectures where the neural network is divided between client and server — the client processes raw data through early layers and sends intermediate activations (smashed data) rather than gradients or raw inputs. This dramatically reduces client-side compute requirements, making it feasible for resource-constrained participants while providing a different privacy-utility tradeoff compared to FedAvg-style approaches.

Split ArchitectureSmashed DataLow-Resource Clients

Byzantine-Robust Training

Defend against malicious or faulty participants that submit poisoned gradient updates designed to corrupt the global model. We implement Byzantine-robust aggregation algorithms — Krum, Trimmed Mean, FLTrust — that identify and down-weight anomalous updates before aggregation, ensuring that a minority of compromised clients cannot sabotage the shared model's performance or inject backdoors into the trained weights.

Krum / Trimmed MeanFLTrustAnomaly Detection

Our Process

From Data Silos to Federated Intelligence

A rigorous five-stage process. Click any step to explore what happens — and why it matters.

01
Data Silo Mapping
02
Privacy Requirement Analysis
03
Federated Architecture Design
04
Distributed Training Orchestration
05
Model Aggregation & Deployment
Step 01 of 05

Data Silo Mapping

Every federated AI project begins with a thorough audit of participating data silos — understanding schema compatibility, data volume and quality at each site, regulatory classification of each dataset, and connectivity constraints between participants. This mapping determines whether horizontal or vertical federation is required and identifies data heterogeneity challenges that will affect model convergence.

  • Participant inventory: sites, data volumes, schema audit
  • Regulatory classification: HIPAA, GDPR, DPDP data categories
  • Data heterogeneity analysis: class imbalance, distribution skew
  • Connectivity assessment: latency, bandwidth, firewall constraints
Step 02 of 05

Privacy Requirement Analysis

Privacy requirements in federated systems are multi-dimensional: regulatory compliance (GDPR, HIPAA, DPDP), contractual obligations between participants, and technical threat models (honest-but-curious aggregators, external adversaries). We formalise the threat model and determine the appropriate privacy mechanism — differential privacy, secure aggregation, or TEE-based execution — along with the privacy budget each participant can accept.

  • Threat model formalisation: adversary assumptions and capabilities
  • Regulatory requirement mapping per jurisdiction
  • Privacy mechanism selection: DP, SecAgg, TEE, or hybrid
  • Privacy-accuracy tradeoff analysis and epsilon budget setting
Step 03 of 05

Federated Architecture Design

We design the complete federated system architecture — selecting the FL framework (PySyft, TFF, Flower, FATE), designing the aggregation topology (star, hierarchical, peer-to-peer), specifying communication rounds and local epoch counts, and defining the model architecture's compatibility with federated constraints. The design includes failure handling for client dropouts and Byzantine participant detection.

  • Framework selection: PySyft, TFF, Flower, FATE, OpenFL
  • Aggregation topology: centralised, hierarchical, peer-to-peer
  • Communication schedule: rounds, local epochs, synchronisation protocol
  • Byzantine detection and dropout handling mechanisms
Step 04 of 05

Distributed Training Orchestration

We deploy and orchestrate the federated training process — provisioning secure communication channels between participants, managing participant authentication and authorisation, monitoring training progress across all clients, and handling the practical challenges of real-world federated deployments: intermittent connectivity, mismatched software versions, and heterogeneous compute capacities across participating nodes.

  • Secure channel setup: mTLS, gRPC, Kafka for gradient exchange
  • Participant authentication and access control via Vault
  • Cross-site training progress monitoring and convergence tracking
  • Adaptive round scheduling for heterogeneous participant capacity
Step 05 of 05

Model Aggregation & Deployment

After convergence, the globally aggregated model undergoes rigorous evaluation — tested against held-out data at each participant site to verify that federated training achieved comparable accuracy to centralised training. The final model is containerised, versioned in a shared registry with cryptographic provenance attestation, and deployed to each participant site (or a shared inference endpoint) with monitoring for post-deployment performance.

  • Per-site accuracy evaluation against local held-out test sets
  • Centralised vs. federated performance gap analysis
  • Model provenance attestation with cryptographic signing
  • Deployment: shared inference endpoint or per-site containerised serving

Real-World Impact

Federated AI Problems We've Solved

Production federated AI deployments across regulated industries — where data collaboration was previously impossible.

Cross-Hospital Clinical AI

Healthcare

Core Challenge

Training AI diagnostic models that generalise across patient populations requires data from multiple hospitals — but patient health records are legally protected and institutionally siloed. No hospital can share identifiable patient data with others, making centralised training legally and ethically impossible without a privacy-preserving alternative.

Who Benefits

Hospital networks, multi-site clinical research consortia, and health-tech companies developing diagnostic AI that requires population diversity beyond what any single institution's dataset can provide — without violating HIPAA, GDPR, or national health data regulations.

TensorFlow FederatedDifferential PrivacyHIPAA Compliant
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Multi-Bank Fraud Detection

Finance

Core Challenge

Fraudsters operate across multiple financial institutions simultaneously — but anti-fraud models trained on a single bank's transaction data miss cross-institution fraud patterns. Competing banks cannot share customer transaction data with each other due to regulatory and competitive constraints, leaving each institution with an incomplete picture of fraud networks.

Who Benefits

Commercial banks, payment networks, and fintech consortia that want to collaboratively detect cross-institution fraud rings and money laundering patterns without sharing individual customer transaction records — improving detection rates while maintaining full competitive and regulatory data confidentiality.

Flower FrameworkSecure AggregationGraph FL
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Cross-OEM Automotive Perception

Automotive

Core Challenge

Autonomous vehicle perception models need training data covering rare edge cases — unusual road conditions, atypical pedestrian behaviour, unusual weather — that no single OEM's fleet encounters frequently enough in isolation. Yet vehicle manufacturers cannot share raw sensor data (LiDAR, camera) with competitors due to IP and competitive concerns.

Who Benefits

Automotive OEMs, tier-1 suppliers, and mobility consortia building ADAS and autonomous driving AI systems that need cross-fleet training data diversity to improve rare-event handling — without ceding proprietary sensor data or training datasets to competitors or cloud providers.

FATE FrameworkVertical FLEdge Aggregation
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Government Data Collaboration

Governance

Core Challenge

Government departments and agencies hold complementary datasets — tax records, health data, education data, social benefits — that collectively could power powerful welfare and fraud detection AI. But cross-ministry data sharing is restricted by legislation, creating siloed AI that lacks the cross-domain context needed to address multi-dimensional policy challenges.

Who Benefits

National and state government agencies, regulatory bodies, and public sector data trusts that need to build policy AI from multi-ministry datasets while complying with data protection legislation — enabling evidence-based governance without creating centralised citizen data warehouses.

OpenFLData SovereigntyHashiCorp Vault
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Powered By

Our Federated AI Technology Ecosystem

Leading federated learning frameworks, privacy libraries, and secure communication infrastructure — built for real enterprise deployments.

PySyftPrivacy-Preserving ML
TensorFlow FederatedFL Framework
FATEIndustrial FL
FlowerFL Framework
PyTorchDeep Learning
OpenFLIntel FL Framework
Differential Privacy LibPrivacy Guarantee
KubernetesOrchestration
gRPCSecure Comms
Apache KafkaGradient Streaming
Vault (HashiCorp)Secrets Management
DockerContainer Runtime

Frequently Asked

Federated AI Questions

Answers to the questions data privacy officers, CTOs, and ML engineers ask before starting a federated AI engagement with Presear Softwares.

Ask Our Federated AI Team
Does federated learning actually preserve privacy — or is it marketing?
Basic federated learning (sharing gradient updates without additional protection) provides meaningful practical privacy improvement over centralised data sharing, but is not provably private — gradient inversion attacks can reconstruct some training samples from gradients alone. True privacy guarantees require layering additional protections: differential privacy (adds calibrated noise to guarantee that individual records cannot be inferred), secure aggregation (cryptographically prevents the server from seeing individual updates), or trusted execution environments. We never claim FL alone provides strong privacy — we design systems with the appropriate privacy mechanism for your actual threat model and regulatory requirements.
How many clients can participate in a federated training round?
The number of participants depends on the aggregation protocol. Standard FedAvg scales well to thousands of clients with partial participation per round — at each round, a random subset (e.g., 10%) participates, keeping per-round communication manageable. Secure aggregation protocols add overhead per client but are practical up to hundreds of participants. For very large-scale deployments (millions of mobile devices), we use hierarchical FL with regional aggregators. For enterprise federations, deployments typically involve 5–50 organisational participants, where full participation per round is feasible with standard InfiniBand or internet connectivity.
Is there an accuracy tradeoff compared to centralised training?
In the best case — when data is identically distributed across all participants (IID) — federated models approach the accuracy of centralised models. In practice, enterprise data is always non-IID (each site has different distributions), which reduces convergence speed and may result in 2–8% accuracy gaps depending on heterogeneity severity. We address this through FedProx (proximal term regularisation), personalised federated learning, and careful data normalisation. Differential privacy adds a further accuracy cost proportional to the noise budget. We always benchmark accuracy against centralised baselines and report the gap honestly before you commit to a federated approach.
Can federated learning work across different countries with conflicting data laws?
Yes — cross-border federated AI is one of the strongest use cases, precisely because data cannot legally leave its country of origin. In a federated system, raw data stays within each country's jurisdiction; only model updates (gradients or parameters) are transmitted. We design jurisdiction-specific compliance profiles for each participant — ensuring GDPR compliance in EU nodes, HIPAA compliance in US healthcare nodes, and DPDP compliance in Indian nodes — with privacy mechanisms calibrated to the strictest applicable regulation. Cross-border gRPC channels use end-to-end encryption meeting each jurisdiction's cryptographic requirements.
How do you handle unreliable or slow participants dropping out mid-training?
Client dropout is the norm in federated deployments, not the exception. We design training protocols with asynchronous aggregation support — the server aggregates updates as they arrive rather than waiting for all clients, weighted by their contribution recency. For synchronous protocols, we set participation thresholds: a round proceeds when a minimum fraction of selected clients respond within a timeout, and persistently absent clients are down-weighted in future round selection. Byzantine fault tolerance mechanisms (Krum, Trimmed Mean) handle the subset of cases where a client submits a poisoned update, providing robustness against both accidental failures and adversarial behaviour.
Distributed & Federated AI

Ready to Collaborate on AI
Without Sharing Your Data?

Partner with Presear Softwares to build federated AI systems that unlock cross-organisational intelligence while keeping your data exactly where it belongs.